Historik n\u00e1bo\u017eenstv\u00ed Diana Butler Bass zkoum\u00e1, co pro Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e znamenalo b\u00fdt naz\u00fdv\u00e1n \u201eu\u010ditelem\u201c nebo \u201erab\u00ednem\u201c:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n A\u010dkoli k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e naz\u00fdvaj\u00ed mnoha jm\u00e9ny, ti, kte\u0159\u00ed ho znali nejl\u00e9pe, mu v\u011bt\u0161inou \u0159\u00edkali \u201eu\u010ditel\u201c. Z p\u0159ibli\u017en\u011b devades\u00e1ti p\u0159\u00edpad\u016f, kdy je Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 v Nov\u00e9m z\u00e1kon\u011b oslovov\u00e1n p\u0159\u00edmo, je v zhruba \u0161edes\u00e1ti p\u0159\u00edpadech ozna\u010dov\u00e1n jako \u201eu\u010ditel\u201c, \u201erab\u00edn\u201c, \u201evelk\u00fd\u201c nebo \u201emistr\u201c (v britsk\u00e9m smyslu slova \u201eu\u010ditel\u201c).<\/p>\n\n\n\n V evangeli\u00edch p\u0159evl\u00e1daj\u00ed sc\u00e9ny, ve kter\u00fdch Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 u\u010d\u00ed. U\u010d\u00ed v chr\u00e1mu, na kopci, u jezera, na poli, u t\u00e1bor\u00e1ku, u ve\u010de\u0159e, na svatb\u011b a v centru m\u011bsta. U\u010d\u00ed jednotlivce, sv\u00e9 u\u010dedn\u00edky, velk\u00e9 davy, mal\u00e9 skupiny, sv\u00e9 p\u0159\u00e1tele i nep\u0159\u00e1tele…<\/p>\n\n\n\n Slovo, kter\u00e9 se obvykle p\u0159ekl\u00e1d\u00e1 jako \u201eu\u010ditel\u201c, bylo ozna\u010den\u00ed \u201erabbi\u201c nebo \u201erabbouni\u201c, co\u017e byl v prvn\u00edm stolet\u00ed pom\u011brn\u011b nov\u00fd \u2013 a dokonce revolu\u010dn\u00ed \u2013 term\u00edn. Slovo \u201erabbi\u201c neznamenalo \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho duchovn\u00edho, jak je tomu dnes, ani se tento titul neobjevoval v hebrejsk\u00e9 Bibli. Ve skute\u010dnosti se za\u010dalo pou\u017e\u00edvat a\u017e v Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ov\u011b dob\u011b pro n\u011bkoho, jeho\u017e u\u010den\u00ed m\u011blo duchovn\u00ed autoritu \u2013 mudrce, vyprav\u011b\u010de, bystr\u00e9ho vyklada\u010de Z\u00e1kona nebo obzvl\u00e1\u0161t\u011b moudr\u00e9ho starce… <\/p>\n\n\n\n B\u00fdt rab\u00ednem v prvn\u00edm stolet\u00ed znamenalo b\u00fdt u\u010ditelem, kter\u00fd vytv\u00e1\u0159el nov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edstup k hebrejsk\u00fdm text\u016fm, tradic\u00edm a v\u00fdklad\u016fm. A bohu\u017eel jak k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9, tak \u017eid\u00e9 zapomn\u011bli, jak zcela inovativn\u00ed a provokativn\u00ed Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 jako rab\u00edn byl. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Biblick\u00e1 badatelka Amy-Jill Levine popisuje, jak Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 jako rab\u00edn pracoval: <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 netr\u00e1vil \u010das (n\u011bjak\u00fdm) systematick\u00fdm studiem T\u00f3ry nebo vypracov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm pl\u00e1nu pro posv\u011bcen\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm praxe a modlitby. Sp\u00ed\u0161e se zab\u00fdval probl\u00e9my, kdy\u017e se objevily, nebo kdy\u017e byl na n\u011b dot\u00e1z\u00e1n. Je lep\u0161\u00ed ho vn\u00edmat jako charismatick\u00e9ho u\u010ditele, l\u00e9\u010ditele a mluv\u010d\u00edho tradi\u010dn\u00ed moudrosti ne\u017e jako rab\u00edna, kter\u00fd se ve studovn\u011b soust\u0159edil na porozum\u011bn\u00ed slov\u016fm T\u00f3ry a ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed toho, jak je nejl\u00e9pe uplatnit. [1]<\/p>\n\n\n\n Bass zd\u016fraz\u0148uje Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovu roli u\u010ditele moudrosti v r\u00e1mci jeho \u017eidovsk\u00e9ho rodu: <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Jako u\u010ditel Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 neodporuje Moj\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovi ani neponi\u017euje jin\u00e9 \u017eidovsk\u00e9 u\u010ditele. Nab\u00edz\u00ed sv\u016fj v\u00fdklad z\u00e1kona, u\u010den\u00ed, kter\u00e9 p\u0159ekvapilo jeho n\u00e1sledovn\u00edky svou originalitou a pronikavost\u00ed. Pochopit Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e jako u\u010ditele v tomto smyslu \u2013 i kdy\u017e ho pova\u017eujeme za bo\u017esk\u00e9ho \u2013 znamen\u00e1 pamatovat si, \u017ee u\u010ditel\u00e9, i ti s velkou autoritou, u\u010d\u00ed v r\u00e1mci dlouh\u00e9 tradice spole\u010densk\u00e9ho v\u00fdkladu, co\u017e Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 s\u00e1m dob\u0159e v\u011bd\u011bl. Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 nenahrazuje. Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 p\u0159etv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a roz\u0161i\u0159uje, vyb\u00edz\u00ed k alternativn\u00edmu a \u010dasto inovativn\u00edmu \u010dten\u00ed \u017eidovsk\u00e9 tradice… <\/p>\n\n\n\n Jako rab\u00edn byl Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 pozoruhodn\u00fd, provokativn\u00ed a vynal\u00e9zav\u00fd. Jeho u\u010den\u00ed z\u016fst\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010div\u00e9, ovliv\u0148uje lidi po cel\u00e1 stalet\u00ed a daleko za hranicemi k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed; a toto u\u010den\u00ed je samo o sob\u011b kr\u00e1sn\u00e9, ani\u017e by bylo t\u0159eba sni\u017eovat ostatn\u00ed… Kdyby k\u0159es\u0165an\u00e9 skute\u010dn\u011b n\u00e1sledovali toho, koho prohl\u00e1sili za U\u010ditele, sv\u011bt by byl spravedliv\u011bj\u0161\u00edm a l\u00e1skypln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm m\u00edstem.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Translated with DeepL.com (free version)<\/p>\n\n\n\n [1] Amy-Jill Levine, The Misunderstood Jew: The Church and the Scandal of the Jewish Jesus<\/em>(HarperSanFrancisco, 2006), 132. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Diana Butler Bass, Freeing Jesus: Rediscovering Jesus as Friend, Teacher, Savior, Lord, Way, and Presence <\/em>(HarperOne, 2021), 29, 30, 41\u201342. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Image credit and inspiration<\/strong>: Mishal Ibrahim, untitled <\/em>(detail), 2022, photo, Unsplash<\/a>. Click here to enlarge image<\/a>. Jesus found wisdom in the transformative truths of everyday life<\/em>. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 netr\u00e1vil \u010das (n\u011bjak\u00fdm) systematick\u00fdm studiem T\u00f3ry nebo vypracov\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00edm pl\u00e1nu pro posv\u011bcen\u00ed ka\u017edodenn\u00edho \u017eivota prost\u0159ednictv\u00edm praxe a modlitby. Sp\u00ed\u0161e se zab\u00fdval probl\u00e9my, kdy\u017e se objevily, nebo kdy\u017e byl na n\u011b dot\u00e1z\u00e1n. Je lep\u0161\u00ed ho vn\u00edmat jako charismatick\u00e9ho u\u010ditele, l\u00e9\u010ditele a mluv\u010d\u00edho tradi\u010dn\u00ed moudrosti ne\u017e jako rab\u00edna, kter\u00fd se ve studovn\u011b soust\u0159edil na porozum\u011bn\u00ed slov\u016fm T\u00f3ry a ur\u010dov\u00e1n\u00ed toho, jak je nejl\u00e9pe uplatnit<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":12194,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[198],"tags":[2305,2302],"class_list":["post-12247","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-richard-rohr-ofm-centrum-pro-zivot-a-rozjimani","tag-rabbi","tag-ucitel","latest_post"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12247","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=12247"}],"version-history":[{"count":2,"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12247\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":12249,"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/12247\/revisions\/12249"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/12194"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=12247"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=12247"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=12247"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e naz\u00fdvali u\u010ditelem<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Slovo Rabbi znamenalo mudrc, vyprav\u011b\u010d<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
U\u010ditel s nov\u00fdm p\u0159\u00edstupem k text\u016fm a tradici<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Mluv\u010d\u00ed moudrosti<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Vynal\u00e9zav\u00fd u\u010ditel<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Prameny:<\/h6>\n\n\n\n