Brian McLaren identifikoval \u0161estn\u00e1ct p\u0159edsudk\u016f, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1m br\u00e1n\u00ed vid\u011bt v\u011bci v jejich komplexnosti a s v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed jasnost\u00ed:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Lid\u00e9 nevid\u00ed to, co vid\u011bt nemohou. Br\u00e1n\u00ed jim v tom jejich p\u0159edsudky, kter\u00e9 je obklopuj\u00ed jako vysok\u00e1 ze\u010f a uv\u011bz\u0148uj\u00ed je v nev\u011bdomosti, klamu a iluzi. \u017d\u00e1dn\u00e9 mno\u017estv\u00ed argument\u016f a \u00favah k nim nepronikne, pokud se nejprve nenau\u010d\u00edme, jak zbo\u0159it zdi p\u0159edsudk\u016f. Jak\u00e9 konkr\u00e9tn\u00ed druhy p\u0159edsudk\u016f tedy mus\u00edme \u0159e\u0161it, u ostatn\u00edch, ano, ale tak\u00e9 u sebe sam\u00fdch?\u2026<\/p>\n\n\n\n Potvrzovac\u00ed p\u0159edsudek: Nov\u00e9 my\u0161lenky posuzujeme na z\u00e1klad\u011b toho, jak snadno zapadaj\u00ed do jedin\u00e9ho standardu, kter\u00fd m\u00e1me: star\u00e9 my\u0161lenky, star\u00e9 informace a d\u016fv\u011bryhodn\u00e9 autority. V d\u016fsledku toho n\u00e1\u0161 r\u00e1mcov\u00fd p\u0159\u00edb\u011bh, syst\u00e9m p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den\u00ed nebo paradigma vylu\u010duje v\u0161e, co se do n\u011bj nehod\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n P\u0159edsudek slo\u017eitosti: N\u00e1\u0161 mozek d\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ednost jednoduch\u00e9 l\u017ei p\u0159ed slo\u017eitou pravdou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n P\u0159edsudek komunity: Je t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 nemo\u017en\u00e9 vid\u011bt to, co na\u0161e komunita nevid\u00ed, nem\u016f\u017ee vid\u011bt nebo nechce vid\u011bt.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Zaujatost komplementaritou:\u202fPokud jste nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fd k m\u00fdm my\u0161lenk\u00e1m, budu nep\u0159\u00e1telsk\u00fd k va\u0161im. Pokud jste zv\u011bdav\u00fd a respektujete m\u00e9 my\u0161lenky, je pravd\u011bpodobn\u011bj\u0161\u00ed, \u017ee budu reagovat stejn\u011b.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Zaujatost kompetenc\u00ed:\u202fNev\u00edme, kolik (nebo jak m\u00e1lo) toho v\u00edme, proto\u017ee nev\u00edme, kolik (nebo jak m\u00e1lo) toho v\u011bd\u00ed ostatn\u00ed. Jin\u00fdmi slovy, nekompetentn\u00ed lid\u00e9 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1daj\u00ed, \u017ee v\u011bt\u0161ina ostatn\u00edch lid\u00ed je stejn\u011b nekompetentn\u00ed jako oni. V d\u016fsledku toho podce\u0148uj\u00ed svou vlastn\u00ed nekompetentnost a pova\u017euj\u00ed se za alespo\u0148 pr\u016fm\u011brn\u011b kompetentn\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Zkreslen\u00ed v\u011bdom\u00ed: N\u011bkter\u00e9 v\u011bci prost\u011b nelze vid\u011bt z m\u00edsta, kde se pr\u00e1v\u011b nach\u00e1z\u00edm. Ale pokud budu i nad\u00e1le r\u016fst, zr\u00e1t a rozv\u00edjet se, jednoho dne budu schopen vid\u011bt to, co je mi nyn\u00ed nedostupn\u00e9.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Zkreslen\u00ed pohodl\u00edm nebo samolibost\u00ed: Rad\u011bji nechci, aby bylo naru\u0161eno m\u00e9 pohodl\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Zkreslen\u00ed konzervativn\u00edm\/liber\u00e1ln\u00edm p\u0159\u00edstupem: Inklinuji k p\u011bstov\u00e1n\u00ed spravedlnosti a laskavosti nebo k p\u0159\u00edsn\u00e9mu prosazov\u00e1n\u00ed \u010distoty, loajality, svobody a autority jako vyj\u00e1d\u0159en\u00ed sv\u00e9 politick\u00e9 identity.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Zkreslen\u00ed sebed\u016fv\u011brou: P\u0159itahuje m\u011b sebed\u016fv\u011bra, i kdy\u017e je fale\u0161n\u00e1. \u010casto d\u00e1v\u00e1m p\u0159ednost odv\u00e1\u017en\u00e9 l\u017ei p\u0159ed v\u00e1havou pravdou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Zkreslen\u00ed katastrofou:\u202fPamatuji si dramatick\u00e9 katastrofy, ale nev\u0161\u00edm\u00e1m si postupn\u00e9ho \u00fapadku (nebo zlep\u0161en\u00ed).<\/p>\n\n\n\n Zkreslen\u00ed kontaktem:\u202fKdy\u017e nem\u00e1m intenzivn\u00ed a trval\u00fd osobn\u00ed kontakt s \u201et\u00edm druh\u00fdm\u201c, moje p\u0159edsudky a fale\u0161n\u00e9 p\u0159edpoklady z\u016fst\u00e1vaj\u00ed nezpochybn\u011bny.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Zkreslen\u00ed pen\u011bzi:\u202fJe pro m\u011b t\u011b\u017ek\u00e9 vid\u011bt n\u011bco, kdy\u017e mi to m\u016fj zp\u016fsob ob\u017eivy nedovoluje.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Konspira\u010dn\u00ed zaujatost: Pod tlakem stresu nebo studu n\u00e1s p\u0159itahuj\u00ed p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhy, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1s uklid\u0148uj\u00ed, ospravedl\u0148uj\u00ed nebo vykresluj\u00ed jako nevinn\u00e9 ob\u011bti zlovoln\u00fdch spiklenc\u016f. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Zaujatost v\u016f\u010di st\u00e1losti\/z\u00e1kladn\u00ed linii: V ran\u00e9m v\u011bku si n\u00e1\u0161 mozek nastav\u00ed z\u00e1kladn\u00ed linii normality na z\u00e1klad\u011b toho, co neust\u00e1le za\u017e\u00edv\u00e1me ka\u017ed\u00fd den. To, co n\u00e1\u0161 mozek ur\u010d\u00ed jako norm\u00e1ln\u00ed nebo st\u00e1l\u00e9, se pro n\u00e1s st\u00e1v\u00e1 p\u0159ijateln\u00fdm. V pozd\u011bj\u0161\u00edm v\u011bku se na\u0161e z\u00e1kladn\u00ed linie m\u016f\u017ee resetovat, kdy\u017e se nov\u00e1 normalita stane na\u0161\u00ed st\u00e1lou zku\u0161enost\u00ed. [To je opa\u010dn\u00e1 strana mince katastrofick\u00e9ho p\u0159edsudku.] <\/p>\n\n\n\n P\u0159edsudek jistoty\/uzav\u0159en\u00ed: N\u00e1\u0161 mozek m\u00e1 pot\u00ed\u017ee s odpo\u010dinkem, kdy\u017e poci\u0165ujeme nejistotu, a proto \u010dasto rad\u011bji s\u00e1hneme po p\u0159ed\u010dasn\u00e9m uzav\u0159en\u00ed na z\u00e1klad\u011b neopodstatn\u011bn\u00e9 jistoty, ne\u017e abychom \u017eili s p\u0159im\u011b\u0159enou nejistotou. M\u016f\u017eeme dokonce up\u0159ednost\u0148ovat pesimistickou jistotu p\u0159ed potenci\u00e1ln\u011b optimistickou nejistotou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Zkreslen\u00ed chytrost\u00ed: N\u00e1\u0161 mozek je ostra\u017eit\u00fd, aby n\u00e1s chr\u00e1nil p\u0159ed podvody, a tato ostra\u017eitost v\u016f\u010di podvod\u016fm n\u00e1s m\u016f\u017ee u\u010dinit tak skeptick\u00fdmi, \u017ee se staneme cynick\u00fdmi a odm\u00edt\u00e1me v\u0161echny dobr\u00e9 nebo povzbuzuj\u00edc\u00ed informace jako naivn\u00ed. P\u0159i ochran\u011b p\u0159ed nebezpe\u010d\u00edm se m\u016f\u017eeme ne\u00famysln\u011b izolovat od pozitivn\u00edch mo\u017enost\u00ed. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Translated with DeepL.com (free version)<\/p>\n\n\n\n Brian McLaren, Why Don\u2019t They Get It? Overcoming Bias\u202fin Others (and Yourself)<\/em><\/a>,\u202frev. ed. (Self-published, 2019, 2024), 11, 14\u201355, e-book. <\/p>\n\n\n\n Image credit and inspiration<\/strong>: Bud Helisson, untitled <\/em>(detail), 2021, photo, Brazil, Unsplash<\/a>. Click here to enlarge image<\/a>. The lenses symbolize how our inherent biases\u2014like favoring what confirms what we already believe or seeing only those like ourselves\u2014can cloud our vision, reminding us that true clarity comes from looking again and being willing to see differently.<\/em> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Brian McLaren identifikoval \u0161estn\u00e1ct p\u0159edsudk\u016f, kter\u00e9 n\u00e1m br\u00e1n\u00ed vid\u011bt v\u011bci v jejich komplexnosti a s v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed jasnost\u00ed.U\u010dit se bo\u0159it p\u0159edsudky<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
\u0160ablona na\u0161eho p\u0159\u00edb\u011bhu<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
16 p\u0159edsudk\u016f<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Prameny:<\/h6>\n\n\n\n
\nM\u00e1\u0161 n\u011bkter\u00fd z nich, nebo v\u0161echny?<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":13396,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[198],"tags":[1197],"class_list":["post-13404","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-richard-rohr-ofm-centrum-pro-zivot-a-rozjimani","tag-predsudky","latest_post"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13404","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=13404"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13404\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":13405,"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/13404\/revisions\/13405"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/13396"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=13404"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=13404"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=13404"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}