{"id":7466,"date":"2023-09-05T20:26:36","date_gmt":"2023-09-05T18:26:36","guid":{"rendered":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/?p=7466"},"modified":"2023-09-05T20:26:42","modified_gmt":"2023-09-05T18:26:42","slug":"smireni-ne-pokani","status":"publish","type":"post","link":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/2023\/09\/05\/smireni-ne-pokani\/","title":{"rendered":"Sm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed, ne pok\u00e1n\u00ed"},"content":{"rendered":"\n

T\u0159ic\u00e1t\u00fd \u0161est\u00fd t\u00fdden: Franti\u0161k\u00e1nsk\u00e1 cesta<\/h3>\n\n\n\n

Franti\u0161k\u00e1nsk\u00e1 alternativn\u00ed ortodoxie kladla v\u011bt\u0161\u00ed d\u016fraz na vt\u011blen\u00ed ne\u017e na vykoupen\u00ed. Franti\u0161k\u00e1ni nev\u011b\u0159ili, \u017ee B\u016fh poslal Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161e na zem, aby zem\u0159el jako z\u00e1stupn\u00e9 vykoupen\u00ed* za na\u0161e h\u0159\u00edchy. Otec Richard shrnuje: <\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n

Franti\u0161k\u00e1ni a dominik\u00e1ni sm\u011bli ve 13. stolet\u00ed beztrestn\u011b diskutovat<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Franti\u0161k\u00e1ni a dominik\u00e1ni byli ve t\u0159in\u00e1ct\u00e9m stolet\u00ed tak\u0159\u00edkaj\u00edc c\u00edrkevn\u00ed debatn\u00ed spole\u010dnost\u00ed. V t\u00e9 dob\u011b jsme sm\u011bli m\u00edt men\u0161inov\u00e9 postoje. Ve velk\u00fdch debat\u00e1ch na univerzit\u00e1ch v Pa\u0159\u00ed\u017ei, Kol\u00edn\u011b nad R\u00fdnem a Oxfordu jsme v\u017edy zast\u00e1vali opa\u010dn\u00e9 postoje a ani jeden z n\u00e1zor\u016f nebyl v t\u00e9 dob\u011b vyhozen z c\u00edrkve. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 zm\u011bnil na\u0161e sm\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed o Bohu<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

V t\u011bchto debat\u00e1ch byli Tom\u00e1\u0161 Akvinsk\u00fd (1225-1274) a dominik\u00e1ni v\u011brni P\u00edsmu, \u017eidovsk\u00fdm chr\u00e1mov\u00fdm metafor\u00e1m ob\u011bti, ceny a vykoupen\u00ed. Mnoh\u00e9 pas\u00e1\u017ee mohou vzbuzovat dojem, \u017ee se vy\u017eaduje v\u00fdkupn\u00e9. Ale n\u00e1\u0161 franti\u0161k\u00e1nsk\u00fd u\u010ditel, blahoslaven\u00fd Jan Duns Scotus (asi 1266-1308), kter\u00fd zalo\u017eil teologickou katedru v Oxfordu, \u0159\u00edkal, \u017ee Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovo uk\u0159i\u017eov\u00e1n\u00ed nevy\u0159e\u0161ilo \u017e\u00e1dn\u00e9 probl\u00e9my s Bohem ani nezm\u011bnilo Bo\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1zor na n\u00e1s. Bo\u017e\u00ed n\u00e1zor nebylo t\u0159eba m\u011bnit. Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 sp\u00ed\u0161e m\u011bnil na\u0161e sm\u00fd\u0161len\u00ed o Bohu! <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 je obraz neviditeln\u00e9ho Boha<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Duns Scotus postavil svou argumentaci na novoz\u00e1konn\u00edm ch\u00e1p\u00e1n\u00ed preexistuj\u00edc\u00edho kosmick\u00e9ho Krista v Listu Kolosan\u016fm, Efezan\u016fm a Janov\u011b evangeliu. Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 je „obraz neviditeln\u00e9ho Boha“ (Kol 1,15), kter\u00fd vystoupil v okam\u017eiku \u010dasu, abychom mohli pohl\u00e9dnout na „toho, kter\u00e9ho jsme probodli“ (Jan 19,37), a vid\u011bt Bo\u017e\u00ed bezpodm\u00edne\u010dnou l\u00e1sku \u2013 a z\u00e1rove\u0148 vid\u011bt, co lid\u00e9 d\u011blaj\u00ed t\u00e9m\u011b\u0159 se v\u0161\u00edm – a Bo\u017e\u00ed bezpodm\u00edne\u010dnou l\u00e1skyplnou odpov\u011b\u010f na to. [1] <\/p>\n\n\n\n

B\u016fh s jeho ob\u011bt\u00ed za n\u00e1s po\u010d\u00edtal od po\u010d\u00e1tku. Motivac\u00ed byla v\u017edy l\u00e1ska<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Duns Scotus byl pevn\u011b p\u0159esv\u011bd\u010den, \u017ee Bo\u017e\u00ed svoboda mus\u00ed b\u00fdt zachov\u00e1na za ka\u017edou cenu. Pokud B\u016fh „pot\u0159eboval“ nebo vy\u017eadoval krvavou ob\u011b\u0165, aby mohl milovat sv\u00e9 vlastn\u00ed stvo\u0159en\u00ed, pak n\u00e1s B\u016fh nemiloval svobodn\u011b. Duns Scotus u\u010dil, \u017ee Kristus byl od sam\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00e1tku pl\u00e1nem A (viz Kol 1,15-20; Ef 1,3-14; Jan 1,1-18). Kristus nebyl pl\u00e1nem B pot\u00e9, co prvn\u00ed lid\u00e9 zh\u0159e\u0161ili, co\u017e je zp\u016fsob, jak\u00fdm v\u011bt\u0161ina lid\u00ed z\u0159ejm\u011b ch\u00e1pe v\u00fdznam Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovy smrti a vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00ed. Velk\u00e9 tajemstv\u00ed vt\u011blen\u00ed nebylo motivov\u00e1no probl\u00e9mem, ale l\u00e1skou.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Franti\u0161k\u00e1nsk\u00fd pohled: k \u017eivotu ve vnit\u0159n\u00ed hloubce, modlitb\u011b, sm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed, uzdraven\u00ed a univerz\u00e1ln\u00edmu sjednocen\u00ed, nam\u00edsto jak\u00e9hokoli pojet\u00ed ob\u011bti<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Franti\u0161k\u00e1nsk\u00fd pohled zakl\u00e1d\u00e1 k\u0159es\u0165anstv\u00ed na l\u00e1sce a svobod\u011b od sam\u00e9ho po\u010d\u00e1tku. Vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed ucelenou a pozitivn\u00ed spiritualitu, kter\u00e1 n\u00e1s t\u00e1hne k \u017eivotu ve vnit\u0159n\u00ed hloubce, modlitb\u011b, sm\u00ed\u0159en\u00ed, uzdraven\u00ed a univerz\u00e1ln\u00edmu sjednocen\u00ed, nam\u00edsto jak\u00e9hokoli pojet\u00ed ob\u011bti, kter\u00e9 p\u0159edpokl\u00e1d\u00e1 rozhn\u011bvan\u00e9ho Boha, jeho\u017e je t\u0159eba vykoupit. [2] <\/p>\n\n\n\n

\u017eivot m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt pozitivn\u00ed d\u011bj a \u017ee B\u016fh je mnohem jin\u00fd a mnohem lep\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e jsme si kdy mysleli.<\/h4>\n\n\n\n

Na k\u0159\u00ed\u017ei Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 nese n\u00e1sledky nen\u00e1visti ve\u0159ejn\u011b, ale zcela nov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v odpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Nakonec to naz\u00fdv\u00e1me „vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00edm“, a to nejen pro Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovo t\u011blo, ale pro cel\u00e9 d\u011bjiny. Je nastolen nov\u00fd a mo\u017en\u00fd d\u011bj. Pokud B\u016fh a Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 nejsou nen\u00e1vistn\u00ed, n\u00e1siln\u00ed, trestaj\u00edc\u00ed, mu\u010d\u00edc\u00ed nebo mstiv\u00ed, pak je n\u00e1m nav\u017edy odebr\u00e1na v\u00fdmluva na tot\u00e9\u017e. Cel\u00e1 Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ova cesta \u0159ekla lidem dv\u011b z\u00e1sadn\u00ed v\u011bci: \u017ee \u017eivot m\u016f\u017ee m\u00edt pozitivn\u00ed d\u011bj a \u017ee B\u016fh je mnohem jin\u00fd a mnohem lep\u0161\u00ed, ne\u017e jsme si kdy mysleli. [3]\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Prameny:<\/h6>\n\n\n\n

[1] Adapted from Richard Rohr, Dancing Standing Still: Healing the World from a Place of Prayer<\/a> <\/em>(Mahwah, NJ: Paulist Press, 2014), 70\u201371. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[2] Adapted from Richard Rohr, Franciscan Mysticism: I AM That Which I Am Seeking<\/em><\/a> (Albuquerque, NM: Center for Action and Contemplation, 2012). Available as MP3 download. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

[3] Rohr, Dancing Standing Still<\/em><\/a>, <\/em>72\u201373. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

*A note on the term \u201csubstitutionary atonement\u201d: <\/strong> <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Throughout Christian history, there have been multiple theories of substitutionary atonement. One of the earliest, the ransom theory, originated with Origen of Alexandria (c. 185\u2013c. 253). Closely related to this was the\u00a0Christus Victor\u00a0<\/em>theory. The ransom view of atonement was the dominant theory until the publication of Anselm\u2019s\u00a0Cur Deus Homo?<\/em>\u00a0(Why Did God Become Human?) at the end of the eleventh century. Anselm\u2019s satisfaction theory of atonement then became dominant until the Reformed position introduced penal substitution in the sixteenth century. This new view of substitutionary atonement emphasized punishment over satisfaction and paralleled criminal law. Today, the phrase \u201csubstitutionary atonement\u201d is often (correctly or incorrectly) used to refer to the penal theory of atonement.\u00a0<\/p>\n\n\n\n

*Pozn\u00e1mka k pojmu „n\u00e1hradn\u00ed vykoupen\u00ed“:<\/p>\n\n\n\n

V pr\u016fb\u011bhu k\u0159es\u0165ansk\u00fdch d\u011bjin existovalo v\u00edce teori\u00ed n\u00e1hradn\u00edho vykoupen\u00ed. Jedna z prvn\u00edch, teorie v\u00fdkupn\u00e9ho, poch\u00e1z\u00ed od Origena Alexandrijsk\u00e9ho (asi 185-253). S n\u00ed \u00fazce souvisela teorie Christus Victor. V\u00fdkupn\u00e9 pojet\u00ed vykoupen\u00ed bylo dominantn\u00ed teori\u00ed a\u017e do vyd\u00e1n\u00ed Anselmova spisu Cur Deus Homo? (Pro\u010d se B\u016fh stal \u010dlov\u011bkem?) na konci 11. stolet\u00ed. Anselmova satisfak\u010dn\u00ed teorie vykoupen\u00ed se pak stala dominantn\u00ed, dokud reformovan\u00fd postoj nezavedl v \u0161estn\u00e1ct\u00e9m stolet\u00ed trestn\u00ed substituci. Tento nov\u00fd pohled na substitu\u010dn\u00ed vykoupen\u00ed kladl d\u016fraz na trest m\u00edsto satisfakce a byl paraleln\u00ed s trestn\u00edm pr\u00e1vem. Dnes se v\u00fdraz „substitu\u010dn\u00ed vykoupen\u00ed“ \u010dasto (spr\u00e1vn\u011b \u010di nespr\u00e1vn\u011b) pou\u017e\u00edv\u00e1 pro ozna\u010den\u00ed trestn\u00ed teorie vykoupen\u00ed.<\/p>\n\n\n\n

Image credit:<\/strong> A path from one week to the next\u2014Izzy Spitz, Chemistry of Self 3<\/em> (detail), digital oil pastels. Izzy Spitz, momentary peace<\/em> (detail), digital oil pastels. Taylor Wilson, Transfiguration<\/em> (detail), cyanotype. Used with permission. Click here to enlarge image<\/a>. <\/p>\n\n\n\n

Amidst our life complexities, we stop, we breath, we look for the pockets of peace.<\/em> <\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":"

Na k\u0159\u00ed\u017ei Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 nese n\u00e1sledky nen\u00e1visti ve\u0159ejn\u011b, ale zcela nov\u00fdm zp\u016fsobem, kter\u00fd spo\u010d\u00edv\u00e1 v odpu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed a propu\u0161t\u011bn\u00ed. Nakonec to naz\u00fdv\u00e1me „vzk\u0159\u00ed\u0161en\u00edm“, a to nejen pro Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ovo t\u011blo, ale pro cel\u00e9 d\u011bjiny. Je nastolen nov\u00fd a mo\u017en\u00fd d\u011bj. Pokud B\u016fh a Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 nejsou nen\u00e1vistn\u00ed, n\u00e1siln\u00ed, trestaj\u00edc\u00ed, mu\u010d\u00edc\u00ed nebo mstiv\u00ed, pak je n\u00e1m nav\u017edy odebr\u00e1na v\u00fdmluva na tot\u00e9\u017e. <\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":7439,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[198],"tags":[1279,1276,1275],"class_list":["post-7466","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-richard-rohr-ofm-centrum-pro-zivot-a-rozjimani","tag-milost-ne-obet","tag-smireni","tag-vntrni-hlubina","latest_post"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7466","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=7466"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7466\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":7467,"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/7466\/revisions\/7467"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/7439"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=7466"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=7466"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=7466"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}