M\u00edrov\u00fd aktivista John Dear vzpom\u00edn\u00e1, jak Martin Luther King mlad\u0161\u00ed (1929-1968) vyu\u017eil nen\u00e1sil\u00ed k tomu, aby upozornil na dlouho p\u0159ehl\u00ed\u017een\u00e9 rasov\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed a nespravedlnost:<\/em><\/p>\n\n\n\n Jedn\u00edm z nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00edch p\u0159\u00edklad\u016f tv\u016fr\u010d\u00edho nen\u00e1sil\u00ed Dr. Kinga byla jeho kampa\u0148 p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 akce v Birminghamu v Alabam\u011b v roce 1963. Tis\u00edce Afroameri\u010dan\u016f, p\u0159ev\u00e1\u017en\u011b mladistv\u00fdch, byly zat\u010deny b\u00edl\u00fdmi policisty za pochod proti segregaci. St\u00e1le se hl\u00e1sili, dokonce pochodovali tv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed v tv\u00e1\u0159 hasi\u010dsk\u00fdm hadic\u00edm, a jednoho dne se stal z\u00e1zrak – b\u00edl\u00ed hasi\u010di odlo\u017eili hasi\u010dsk\u00e9 hadice a nechali je pochodovat. Kdy\u017e se to stalo, segregace padla. S\u00e1m King str\u00e1vil velikono\u010dn\u00ed t\u00fdden za m\u0159\u00ed\u017eemi, kde napsal sv\u016fj „Dopis z birminghamsk\u00e9ho v\u011bzen\u00ed“, mo\u017en\u00e1 nejv\u011bt\u0161\u00ed dokument v d\u011bjin\u00e1ch USA. „Jsme chyceni v nevyhnuteln\u00e9 s\u00edti vz\u00e1jemnosti, sv\u00e1z\u00e1ni v jedin\u00e9m osudov\u00e9m rouchu,“ napsal ve sv\u00e9 v\u011bze\u0148sk\u00e9 cele. „Cokoli se t\u00fdk\u00e1 jednoho p\u0159\u00edmo, ovliv\u0148uje nep\u0159\u00edmo v\u0161echny.“ [1]<\/p>\n\n\n\n King ve sv\u00e9m dopise n\u00e1zorn\u011b uk\u00e1zal, jak nen\u00e1siln\u00fd postoj vytv\u00e1\u0159\u00ed a z\u00e1rove\u0148 „udr\u017euje nap\u011bt\u00ed“ konfliktu a otev\u00edr\u00e1 mo\u017enosti transformace:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Nen\u00e1siln\u00e1 p\u0159\u00edm\u00e1 akce se sna\u017e\u00ed vytvo\u0159it takovou krizi a nastolit takov\u00e9 tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed, \u017ee komunita, kter\u00e1 neust\u00e1le odm\u00edt\u00e1 vyjedn\u00e1vat, je nucena se k probl\u00e9mu postavit \u010delem. Sna\u017e\u00ed se probl\u00e9m zdramatizovat natolik, \u017ee jej ji\u017e nelze ignorovat….. Pr\u00e1v\u011b jsem se zm\u00ednil o vytv\u00e1\u0159en\u00ed nap\u011bt\u00ed jako sou\u010d\u00e1sti pr\u00e1ce nen\u00e1siln\u00e9ho odporu….. Horliv\u011b jsem pracoval a k\u00e1zal proti n\u00e1siln\u00e9mu nap\u011bt\u00ed, ale existuje typ konstruktivn\u00edho nen\u00e1siln\u00e9ho nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 je nezbytn\u00e9 pro r\u016fst…. \u00da\u010delem p\u0159\u00edm\u00e9 akce je tedy vytvo\u0159it tak krizovou situaci, kter\u00e1 nevyhnuteln\u011b otev\u0159e dve\u0159e k vyjedn\u00e1v\u00e1n\u00ed…..<\/p>\n\n\n\n My, kte\u0159\u00ed se zapojujeme do nen\u00e1siln\u00fdch p\u0159\u00edm\u00fdch akc\u00ed, vlastn\u011b nejsme tv\u016frci nap\u011bt\u00ed. Pouze vyn\u00e1\u0161\u00edme na povrch skryt\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed, kter\u00e9 ji\u017e \u017eije. Vytahujeme ho na povrch, kde m\u016f\u017ee b\u00fdt vid\u011bno a \u0159e\u0161eno. Stejn\u011b jako v\u0159ed, kter\u00fd nelze vyl\u00e9\u010dit, dokud je zakryt\u00fd, ale mus\u00ed b\u00fdt otev\u0159en se v\u0161\u00ed svou hnisavou o\u0161klivost\u00ed p\u0159irozen\u00fdm l\u00e9k\u016fm vzduchu a sv\u011btla, mus\u00ed b\u00fdt i nespravedlnost se v\u0161\u00edm nap\u011bt\u00edm, kter\u00e9 vyvol\u00e1v\u00e1, vystavena sv\u011btlu lidsk\u00e9ho sv\u011bdom\u00ed a vzduchu n\u00e1rodn\u00edho m\u00edn\u011bn\u00ed, aby mohla b\u00fdt vyl\u00e9\u010dena. [2]<\/p>\n\n\n\n John Dear popisuje tv\u016fr\u010d\u00ed a uzdravuj\u00edc\u00ed v\u00fdsledek Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ova nen\u00e1siln\u00e9ho \u017eivota:<\/p>\n\n\n\n Pokud se zapoj\u00edme do aktivn\u00edho nen\u00e1sil\u00ed jako do Bo\u017e\u00ed p\u0159irozenosti … jako Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161, pak zjist\u00edme, \u017ee nen\u00e1sil\u00ed je nekone\u010dn\u011b tvo\u0159iv\u00e9. P\u0159i nen\u00e1siln\u00e9m odporu proti zlu a nespravedlnosti existuje mnohem v\u00edce tv\u016fr\u010d\u00edch alternativ ne\u017e p\u0159i n\u00e1siln\u00e9m odporu…..<\/p>\n\n\n\n Z perspektivy tvo\u0159iv\u00e9ho nen\u00e1sil\u00ed p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed evangelia nov\u00fd obraz toho, co znamen\u00e1 b\u00fdt \u010dlov\u011bkem. V Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ov\u011b \u017eivot\u011b objevujeme, \u017ee b\u00fdt \u010dlov\u011bkem znamen\u00e1 b\u00fdt nen\u00e1siln\u00fd, b\u00fdt nen\u00e1siln\u00fd znamen\u00e1 st\u00e1t se, stejn\u011b jako Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161, pln\u011b \u010dlov\u011bkem….. Nen\u00e1sil\u00ed n\u00e1s vede k nejpln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm mo\u017enostem lidstv\u00ed – k tomu, abychom se stali lidmi univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e1sky, univerz\u00e1ln\u00edho soucitu, univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed solidarity, univerz\u00e1ln\u00edho m\u00edru, ba dokonce \u00fapln\u00e9ho nen\u00e1sil\u00ed. [3]<\/p>\n\n\n\n P\u0159e\u010dt\u011bte si tuto meditaci na str\u00e1nk\u00e1ch cac.org.<\/p>\n\n\n\n [1] John Dear, The Gospel of Peace: A Commentary on Matthew, Mark, and Luke from the Perspective of Nonviolence<\/em> (Maryknoll, NY: Orbis Books, 2024), xviii\u2013xix. [3] Dear, The Gospel of Peace, <\/em>xxii, xxiii.<\/p>\n\n\n\n Image credit:<\/strong> Oliver Hotakainen, Untitled <\/em>(detail), Finland, 2021, photograph, public domain<\/a>. Click here to enlarge image<\/a>.<\/p>\n\n\n\n How do we keep fire afloat on water? How do we act for justice and stay humble and listening?<\/em><\/p>\n","protected":false},"excerpt":{"rendered":" Z perspektivy tvo\u0159iv\u00e9ho nen\u00e1sil\u00ed p\u0159edstavuj\u00ed evangelia nov\u00fd obraz toho, co znamen\u00e1 b\u00fdt \u010dlov\u011bkem. V Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161ov\u011b \u017eivot\u011b objevujeme, \u017ee b\u00fdt \u010dlov\u011bkem znamen\u00e1 b\u00fdt nen\u00e1siln\u00fd, b\u00fdt nen\u00e1siln\u00fd znamen\u00e1 st\u00e1t se, stejn\u011b jako Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161, pln\u011b \u010dlov\u011bkem….. Nen\u00e1sil\u00ed n\u00e1s vede k nejpln\u011bj\u0161\u00edm mo\u017enostem lidstv\u00ed – k tomu, abychom se stali lidmi univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed l\u00e1sky, univerz\u00e1ln\u00edho soucitu, univerz\u00e1ln\u00ed solidarity, univerz\u00e1ln\u00edho m\u00edru, ba dokonce \u00fapln\u00e9ho nen\u00e1sil\u00ed.<\/p>\n","protected":false},"author":1,"featured_media":8136,"comment_status":"open","ping_status":"open","sticky":false,"template":"","format":"standard","meta":{"footnotes":""},"categories":[198],"tags":[1518,443,456,1517],"class_list":["post-8143","post","type-post","status-publish","format-standard","has-post-thumbnail","hentry","category-richard-rohr-ofm-centrum-pro-zivot-a-rozjimani","tag-napeti","tag-nasili","tag-nenasili","tag-protest","latest_post"],"_links":{"self":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8143","targetHints":{"allow":["GET"]}}],"collection":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts"}],"about":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/types\/post"}],"author":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/users\/1"}],"replies":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/comments?post=8143"}],"version-history":[{"count":1,"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8143\/revisions"}],"predecessor-version":[{"id":8144,"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/posts\/8143\/revisions\/8144"}],"wp:featuredmedia":[{"embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media\/8136"}],"wp:attachment":[{"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/media?parent=8143"}],"wp:term":[{"taxonomy":"category","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/categories?post=8143"},{"taxonomy":"post_tag","embeddable":true,"href":"https:\/\/www.frantiskani.cz\/index.php\/wp-json\/wp\/v2\/tags?post=8143"}],"curies":[{"name":"wp","href":"https:\/\/api.w.org\/{rel}","templated":true}]}}Nen\u00e1siln\u00fd protest Dr. Kinga<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
konstruktivn\u00ed nen\u00e1siln\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Nen\u00e1siln\u00fdm protestem zviditel\u0148ujeme skryt\u00e9 nap\u011bt\u00ed n\u00e1sil\u00ed<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
B\u00fdt nen\u00e1siln\u00fd jako Je\u017e\u00ed\u0161 \u2013 b\u00fdt pln\u011b \u010dlov\u011bkem<\/h4>\n\n\n\n
Prameny:<\/h6>\n\n\n\n
[2] Martin Luther King, Jr., \u201cLetter from Birmingham City Jail,\u201d in A Testament of Hope: The Essential Writings of Martin Luther King, Jr., <\/em>ed. James Melvin Washington (San Francisco, CA: Harper and Row, 1986), 290, 291\u2013292, 295.<\/p>\n\n\n\n